Introduction
Heart disease, classified under cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), refers to any condition in which the heart fails to operate as it should. It raises the danger of cardiac arrest, cardiogenic shock, eventual death, stroke, and irregular heartbeats, all of which lower life quality and shorten the lifespan (Maniatunufus & Herliani, 2022). One in four Americans may suffer a fatal heart attack at some point in their lifetime, accounting for 600,000 deaths annually, as reported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. In Indonesia, heart disease is responsible for 37% of deaths, leading to 20,000 disability-altered life years and much time lost to premature deaths and impairment (Komalasari & Yoche, 2019). Poor bodily structure, infection, inflammation, lifestyle choices, and inheritance are only a few of the numerous possible underlying causes of heart disease. The risk of heart disease can be decreased by leading an active lifestyle and abstaining from stress, fatty meals, and tobacco usage. Heart failure poses a severe concern not just in America but also in most countries worldwide.
Literary Search Strategy
Finding completed and continuing quantitative studies on heart disease was the primary goal of the search method. The researcher conducted a literature search using the conventional approach, which entailed a query of four databases (MEDLINE, EBSCOhost, Cochrane, and Google), using the following search terms: heart disease, CVD, and quantitative studies. Following a literature search, the usefulness of the bibliographies of the publications that were found was evaluated. In order to provide evidence for crucial information, the literature search was limited to quantitative studies. Articles on qualitative analysis, systematic reviews, and mixed methods were all excluded because they did not match the researcher’s standards for quality research and reporting. Articles published within the last five years and studies published in English were utilized as filters for the selected literature.
Summary
The incidence of chronic diseases and their effects on healthcare spending are increasingly recognized. Murray et al. (2019) aimed to examine differences in the associations between heart disease and other comorbidities based on gender. There are gender distinctions in heart disease risk profiles and associated chronic conditions, even though the classical risk factors are similar. Although it is still the primary cause of death in this population, coronary heart disease (CHD) in women usually manifests 7–10 years later than in men. Women seem to have more difficulty being diagnosed and treated for CHD, and therapy outcomes appear to be worse overall.
CVD and other chronic illnesses exacerbate clinical management challenges and drive healthcare expenses. Murray et al. (2019) evaluated statistics from the German Health Survey, a recent study of 8152 persons aged 18-80. Twenty-three chronic medical disorders were compared between female and male individuals who self-reported CHD. Potential links between heart disease and 23 diseases were analyzed using regression models. The percentage of people with CHD was 10% (547 people), with 34% (185) being female and 66% (362) being male. Several female health issues were linked to CHD; these included high blood pressure, lipid problems, diabetes mellitus, kidney illness, gout, thyroid disease, and osteoporosis. Men with CHD were more prone to have high blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, a lipid condition, or chronic renal disease. Identifying gender-specific demands is crucial for developing novel techniques in screening and prevention procedures to improve patient outcomes and manage resource allocation.
People with CVD may have a lower quality of life since they lose years of health owing to impairment. Patients with a history of heart disease may experience a wide range of physical and mental symptoms, which can restrict their ability to engage in regular activities and lead to poor quality of life. Since a low life quality has been linked to hospitalization and mortality, it is important to screen those with a CVD history to learn how the disease has affected their daily lives. The purpose of the study by Komalasari and Yoche (2019) was to evaluate the well-being of the elderly with a cardiac history. The study was carried out in the hospital’s outpatient clinic in Tangerang, Indonesia. Statistics were gathered from a convenience sample of 397 elderly patients.
Patients were asked to fill out a questionnaire if they were between the ages of 60 and 74, had a command of the Indonesian language, were in good condition to complete the study, and had a history of cardiovascular disorders. Researchers utilized the WHOQOL-BREF, a questionnaire that asks questions about one’s physical condition, mental fitness, social life, and environmental elements (Komalasari & Yoche, 2019). Over 90% of participants with a record of heart disease had an excellent overall quality of life, with about 84% reporting satisfaction with environmental factors (Komalasari & Yoche, 2019). More than 60% of participants confirmed fulfillment with social ties, 55% affirmed contentment with their physical health, and 45% declared satisfaction with their mental health (Komalasari & Yoche, 2019). Thus, most patients with a history of heart disease reported a high quality of life after receiving effective treatment.
Conclusion
If one has a family history of CVD, it may diminish their quality of life and even prosperity. Despite being the global leading cause of mortality, heart disease is notoriously difficult to treat because of the various chronic illnesses with which it often coexists. Women’s heart disease characteristically presents itself 7-10 years later than it does in males, although it is still the primary cause of death in this demographic. The study defined that improvements in screening procedures can help in addressing the problem of growing incidence of CVD. There is high overall quality in the credibility and usefulness of the articles used in this study regarding the treatment of heart disease. Lastly, most patients with a history of heart disease report a high quality of life after receiving effective treatment.
References
Komalasari, R., & Yoche, M. M. (2019). Quality of life of people with cardiovascular disease: A descriptive study. Asian/Pacific Island Nursing Journal, 4(2), 92-96. Web.
Maniatunufus, Y., & Herliani, N. (2022). Risk factors and stroke symptoms knowledge among hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and congestive heart failure patients: A descriptive quantitative study. Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 18(3), 192-197.
Murray, M. I. K., Bode, K., & Whittaker, P. (2019). Gender-specific associations between coronary heart disease and other chronic diseases: Cross-sectional evaluation of national survey data from adult residents of Germany. Journal of Geriatric Cardiology, 16(9), 663-670. Web.
